Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam: Analisis Literatur tentang Pengembangan Karakter Religius Siswa

Abstract

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) continues to face a fundamental challenge in strengthening students’ internalization of religious values and religious character development, despite relatively strong cognitive learning outcomes. This condition is largely attributed to the dominance of conventional instructional approaches that emphasize lecturing and rote memorization, resulting in theoretical religious understanding with limited application in daily moral practices. This study aims to examine the contribution of the Problem Solving learning model in Islamic Religious Education to the development of students’ religious character. The research employed a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, reviewing relevant scholarly articles, academic books, and empirical studies. The findings indicate that the Problem Solving model enhances students’ active engagement, critical and reflective thinking skills, and value-based decision-making grounded in Islamic principles. Furthermore, the integration of case-based learning, value reflection, and authentic assessment was found to be effective in fostering religious character development. Theoretically, the Problem Solving model aligns with the core principles of Islamic education, particularly the integration of faith (iman), knowledge (ilm), and practice (amal). The study implies that the Problem Solving learning model can serve as a strategic pedagogical alternative for developing more contextual, participatory, and character-oriented Islamic Religious Education