Konstruksi Teologis dalam Oposisi Hanbali Terhadap Kebijakan Pemerintahan Abbasiyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54180/elbanat.2023.13.2.295-307Keywords:
Hanbali, Islamic Theology, Opposition, Quran, Mu'tazilahAbstract
Opposition to the government is not a new phenomenon in the history of Islam. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal was a hadith scholar who once opposed the Abbasiyah government during the reign of Caliph Al Ma'mun. This article aims to explain the theological framework of Imam Hanbali's opposition to the government of his time. Through a literature review using a content analysis approach, this article presents a historical account of the theological factors that led Imam Hanbali to oppose the government. Among the theological factors that triggered Hanbali's opposition was the doctrine of the createdness of the Quran according to the Mu'tazilah and the rulers of that time. On the other hand, Ahmad ibn Hanbal argued that the Quran was not a creation but rather the sacred word of Allah. Hanbali's opposition was not synonymous with rebellion against the rulers, but it was undertaken to safeguard the authority of religious knowledge. Imam Hanbali steadfastly endeavored to uphold the orthodox teachings of Islam derived from the Quran and Hadith. This thesis leads to the stance that opposing the government is permissible. Opposition can be exercised to control the ongoing power and does not always imply subversion
Downloads
References
Al-Faruqi, Lois I. “Music, Musiciants and Muslim Law”, Asian Music 17 (1985).
Algar, Hamid.Religion and State Iran 1785-1906 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969)
Al-Hanbali, Tabaqat al-Fuqaha’ al-Hanabilah, Juz I.
Ba’albakki, Munir.Al-Mawrid: A Basic Modern English-Arabic Dictionary (Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilm Li al-Malayin, 2002).
Bashori, Ahmad Damyathi.Konsep al-Wasatiyah dalam Pemikiran Politik Yusuf Qardawi (Tangerang: YPM, 2012).
Bellah,Robert.Beyong Belief (New York: Harper and Row, 1970)
Burke,Edmund. “Islam and Social Movements: Methodological Reflection,” dalam Islam, Politics, and Social Movements, ed. Edmund Burke III, dan Ira M. Lapidus (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1988).
Cook,Michael.Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
Eisenstadt,S.E. The Political System of Empires (New York: Free Press, 1963)
Enayat, Hamit.Modern Islamic Political Thought (Austin: University of Texas, 1982)
Esposito,John L. dan John O. Voll, Islam and Democracy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
Fisher,Michael.From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1980).
Foucault,Micahel. The Subject and Power”, dalam Readings in Contemporary Political Sociology, ed. K. Nash (Oxford: Blackwell Publisher, 2000).
Foucault,Michael.Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writing, terj. C. Cordon, et.al (New York: Pantheon Random House, 1980)
Geertz,Clifford.The Interpretation of Cultures (Stanford: Standford University Press, 1974)
Hindess,B. Discourse of Power: From Hobbers to Foucault (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996)
Hitti, Philip K.History of Arab: From the Earliest Times to the Present (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
Hodgson, Marshall.The Venture of Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974)
Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 2006).
Keddie, Nikkie R., Hamid Algar, Michael Fisher Nikiie R. Keddie, ed., Scholars, Saints, and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions since 1500 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1972)
Kuper,Adam& Jessica Kuper, The Social Science Encyclopedia: Machiavelli-World System, terj. (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, t.t).
Longman, Dictionary of Contemporary English, Ed. III (Barcelona: Longman, 2001).
Maghrizi (Al), al-Niza’ wa al-Takhasun bayna Umayyah wa Hashim (Kairo: t.p., 1937).
Parson,Talcott. The Social System (New York: Free Press, 1964)
Patton, Watter M., Ahmed Ibn Hanbal and The Mihnah: A Biography of The Imam Including An Acoount of The Mohammadan Inquisition Called The Mihnah, 218-234H (Leiden: Lebraire Et Imprimerie E. J. Brill, 1987).
Poewadarmita, W.J.S.Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka, 1976)
Qardawi (al),Yusuf.Min Fiqh al-Dawlah fi al-Islam (Kairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1997).
Robson,James (Ed.), Tract and Listening to Music (London: t.p., 1938)
Robson,James (ed.).Ancient Arabian Musical Instruments (Glasgow: t.p., 1938)
Rozental,Franz. “Male and Female: Describe and Compared,” dalam J.W. Wright and Everett K. Rowson, Homoeroticism in Classical Arabic Literature (New York: t.p., 1997), 24 dan 28.
Salim, Peter.Advanced English-Indonesia Dictionary (Jakarta: Modern English Press, 1988).
Shalabi,A. Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam, Jilid III, terj. (Jakarta: Al-Husna Zikra, 1997).
Tim Penyusun Kamus Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka, 1988).
Turner,Victor.The Ritual Process (Chicago: Aldine, 1969).
Voll, John.Islam: Continuity and Change in Modern World (Boulder: Westview Press, 1982)
Weber,Max.The Sociology of Religion (Boston: Boston University Press, 1991).
