Pendidikan Islam dan pemerintahan Hibrida: Studi Sejarah Kesultanan Mempawah Kalimantan Barat Abad 19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54180/elbanat.2026.16.1.248-263Keywords:
Mempawah Sultanate, Epistemology of Islamic Education, Hybrid Governance, Cultural Resistance, Islamic History of BorneoAbstract
The Mempawah Sultanate (1737) was an important center for Islamic education and politics, but it hasn’t received much attention in the historiography of Southeast Asian Islam, which is mostly focused on Java and Sumatra. This study aims to reconstruct the Islamic education system, hybrid governance model, and cultural resistance strategies that were developed in the sultanate from the 18th to the early 19th century. Using a qualitative historical research method, this study analyzes local manuscripts (like the Hikayat Mempawah), Dutch colonial archives, and archaeological data to uncover the dynamics of the sultanate, which stood at the crossroads of Bugis, Malay, and Islamic influences. Research findings reveal that the Mempawah Sultanate established a structured Islamic education system through surau and pesantren institutions, with a curriculum integrating basic sciences, Shafi'i jurisprudence, creed, and Sufism. The uniqueness of this system lies in adapting religious material into Malay-Jawi poetry and using cultural arts, such as the Selodang Mayang Dance, as a means of transmitting values. Politically, the sultanate developed a hybrid governance model combining Sharia law with Bugis adat (siri') principles and Malay bureaucratic structures, creating a balance of authority between the sultan and the scholars. In facing colonial intervention, Mempawah's scholars responded with sophisticated cultural resistance strategies, including leveraging the tarekat network as an alternative educational channel and maintaining literacy in Jawi script to preserve Islamic identity. His legacy in accommodative education, pluralistic governance, and intellectual resistance has made a significant contribution to understanding the flexibility of Nusantara Islam. These findings are relevant to contemporary discussions on multicultural education, legal pluralism, and postcolonial studies, while also highlighting the importance of preserving local manuscripts as an invaluable part of Indonesia's history.
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